Focused Interaction in Behavior in Public Places (1963) Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Focussed Interaction in Behavior in Public Place(1963) Introduction Erving Goffman (June 11, 1992 – Nov 19,1982) was the important sociologist and intellectual in the twentieth century. Born in Canada, Goffman developed his intellectual interest in the humanities and social sciences. Goffman was influenced by George Herbert, Herbert Blumer and Mead as well in his sociological studies. He was selected as the73rd president of American Sociological Association and in 2007 Goffman was termed as the 6th most – referred intellectual in the humanities and social sciences. Focussed Interaction Goffmans greatest contribution to social theory is symbolic interaction. The main emphasis of his work was society acting on different settings and contexts. The main focus of his work was the everyday behavior and interaction of people. If life is theater, people have to perform in different settings. Fact to face interaction happens in gathering on any occasion where two or more people present. Goffman preferred that face to face interaction should be regarded as a separate branch of sociology and called this study as the interaction order. The study was designed to understand every occasion of face to face interaction which covers a wide gamut of places like restaurants gatherings on special occasion and public places and private parties etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Focused Interaction in Behavior in Public Places (1963) or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now For all practical purposes, face to face interaction requires gathering or any occasion where people are co- present with one another. And whenever people are co-present they act as a source of information for one another. For all the co-presence there are distinctive types of communication patterns. These communication patterns or informations are focussed when all the attention converges on one point or become unfocussed when it is not. Focussed interaction happens when people mutually engage in communication required for the activity. Participants in focused interactions usually engage in interchange which requires some system requirements and ‘ritual requirements. Territories of the Self In Relations in Public Micro studies of the Public Order. (Goffman E 1971 Basic Books New York). Goffman explains how people use their territories while behaving in public spaces and places. The term territory denotes the places and spaces or objects possessed or occupied by a group of persons or individuals. According to Goffman these territories are delineated by markers referred as central markers, boundary markers and ear markers.

Summary Of An Inner Soldier - 970 Words

An Inner Soldier A chrysanthemum is a small and fragile flower on the outside, but it symbolizes optimism and joy. So, a steel chrysanthemum illustrates someone who seems unobtrusive, but has a positive outlook on every situation no matter how harsh the circumstances. Imagine a quiet and humble man who has a lovely family, and is doing well financially. One day he loses all his wealth and family, and is diagnosed with a terrible sickness. At this point he has no reason to live anymore, because he is struggling in poor living conditions and lost the most important people in his life. Instead of giving up and choosing to end his misery, he decides to fight back and views his situation with a positive mindset. This man is a steel chrysanthemum, because though he may seem feeble he actually has a steel core within him. In the short story Kokoro, Yasako is put into many unfavorable situations. However, she is able to overcome all hardships by having faith and trusting in herself, and maki ng wise decisions that benefits her in the future. Although in many cases Yasako is shown to be a weak character, she actually has a steel core inside. She does not focus on the past, but always looks ahead, perceiving her current and future situation positively. Yasako is a steel chrysanthemum, because she seems easily influenced on the outside, but has a strong heart that can not be altered easily In one of Yasako’s poems, Houston proves that she has a steel core by displaying how YasakoShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Virtue Ethics951 Words   |  4 PagesThe function of this paper is to determine why and how three members of the cast in the videos â€Å"RPG Embedded in Soldier† made the choices they did in relation to the groups of values that are commonly found within the theory of virtue ethics. In short, virtue ethics stresses being an inherently good person versus simply doing good actions. This means that a virtuous person will typically choose the right acti on simply because it is the natural thing for them to do. Applying this concept to theRead MoreAmbush by Tim O Brien994 Words   |  4 PagesTim OBrien has created a flashback to present his regretful memory of the past. He was involved in the Vietnam War and accidentally killed a young man. However, paragraph 2 only consists of short sentences and without commas, it is only a brief summary of what happened. This paragraph may lead people on further reading the passage, as people are intrigued of what was happening. Flashback in the main narrative has a more sorrowful tone, the author regrets of killing the young man. He said he wasRead More â€Å"The Martyrdom of St. Matthew† - Painting Analysis Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesCaravaggio masterfully illustrates the use of lighting by casting believable shadows. 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Throughout the setting of a dystopia, oppression and suffering are often prevalent. Most writers of these novels tend to explore a specific reason as to why the society is that way. Setting (be as specific as you can be) Plot Summary: Winston smith is an everyday member of the outer party in the city of London, which is located in a nation called Oceania. He fulfills his duties as a worker for the Ministry of Truth, which completely re-writes past history to the likings of theRead MoreLike Water For Chocolate Summary1432 Words   |  6 PagesJoanna Kepa Like Water for Chocolate By: Laura Esquirel Notes/Summary Introduction The book â€Å"Like Water for Chocolate† tells a story about a young mexican woman named Tita De La Garza. This story takes place in Mexico in the twentieth century. Around this time in Tita’s family there was a tradition saying that the youngest daughter must take care of her mother until she dies. 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Impact Of Globalization On Telecommunication Industry Of India And Aus

Question: Discuss about the Impact of globalization on Telecommunication Industry of India and Australia. Answer: Introduction The report is prepared to highlight the positive and negative impact of globalization on Telecommunication Industry of India and Australia. Telecommunication has become a vital part of the communications for every economy. Some of the impacts include technology innovation, speedy information exchange, and the new way of communication. Impact of globalization on Telecommunication Industry India Positive: By the help of globalization, Indian Telecom Companys revenue has grown by 7% to US$42 billion for 2010-11 financial year and US$17 billion from the segment of telecom equipment. An increase in mobile subscribers is noticed from 37 million to over 846 million for year 2001 to 2011. Foreign investment is grown from 3% to 10% from 2005 to 2009 (India in Business, 2016). Indian Telecom Company has become private because of a contract signed by government of India with France Alcatel CIT which is merged with state-owned telecom company (ITI) to set up 5000,000 lines yearly. Moreover, market share for the private telecom has been increased from 4.7% to 79.2% for financial year 1998 to 2009. Launching of 3G services was impossible to introduce without globalization. Employment opportunity in foreign telecom companies such as Vodaphone India Ltd. and Tata Docomo has increased due to globalization. Negative: Due to globalization, intense competition takes place between the local and foreign telecom companies in India which is impossible to compete in terms of price and services for small scale companies. To earn money, students leave their studies as foreign telecom companies operate in India (The Economic Times, 2016). Per user, average revenue is declined due to pressure of intense competition. Quality of network services will be affected by increased number of operators in a market as spectrum is less available because of major competitors available in the market. Australia Positive: Increase in the users of wireless mobile broadband connections is noted by Globalization. Also, 2-3% growth is expected in number of broadband subscribers yearly. New and advanced technology is experienced by people in many ways such as LTE was first provided by Telstra telecom (IBSI World, 2016). Besides this, M2 Telecom and Macquarie Telecom recently acquired iiNet. Data demand to people was also increased as fixed data demand grew by 40% from 0.96 million terabytes (TB) to 1.3 million TB and 35 percent increase was noticed from 72 000 TB to 110 000 TB in the mobile data. Negative: Australia becomes dependent by the help of importing telecommunication technology for globalization. Telecommunication equipment is imported from other countries for high labor cost in Australia (ACCC, 2016). This results in high labor cost as living standard is high of Australian people. Also, there is generation of greediness. Conclusion It can be concluded that globalization has both negative and positive effect on telecommunication industry of India as well as Australia. Globalization has resulted in speeding up the information exchange. By the help of globalization, anybody can easily link among different areas of world. On the other hand, negative impact includes students leaving their studies to earn money in telecom sector as job availability is easy here. References Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2016) ACCC Telecommunication Report [Online]. Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/accc-telecommunications-report (Accessed: 23 August 2016). IBSI World (2016) Telecommunications Services in Australia: Market Research Report. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=1730 (Accessed: 23 August 2016). India in Business (2016) Telecommunications. [Online]. Available at: https://indiainbusiness.nic.in/newdesign/index.php?param=industryservices_landing/371/2 (Accessed: 23 August 2016). The Economic Times (2016) INDIAN TELECOM INDUSTRY. [Online]. Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/indian-telecom-industry/news (Accessed: 23 August 2016).

A Case Study Analysis On Leadership Depth @Corus

Question: I also need a few diagrams or charts with proper referencing to support the answers case study is about the company "Corus? Answer: Introduction The managers are experiencing complex responsibilities with the increase in business competitions in the market place. With the proper leadership and managerial techniques, tools and theoretical applications leaders of multinational organizations are able to manage their workforce (Frost, 2008). The assignment focuses on the relevancy, creditability and limitations of current leadership conceptualization based on case study of multinational steel making company Corus. Critical evaluations on Leadership Depth The leadership depth provides an overall learning and knowledge on increasing the contribution, performance and productivity of the leaders with engagement of leadership equations (Eli et al. 2012). In the analysis, the leadership depth specifies the as kills, abilities and practices that is need to be learned by the managers to enhance their motivating, directing and leading abilities to the workforce. It certainly increases the conceptions of leadership equations from the leadership depth. As per the equations the individual performances, their skills, abilities and set of qualities together form a leadership capability for a sustainable development and improvement (Kim Brymer, 2011). It is evaluated that increasing the leadership depth result to increase in overall managerial performances, that enhances the workforce productivity focus and contributions. It can be said that with the engagement of leadership depth, managers indirectly increase positioning and profitability of busi ness in the market. The lack of leadership depth originates poor management, handling mentoring and leading the employees in the organizations (Ree et al. 2010). This makes impact on the business performance and indirectly hampers stakeholders relationships and needs. As per the analysis, it has assessed that the lack of leadership depth directly put a negative impact in the lack of managing and allocation of resources that reduce quality of final product. It certainly reduces the fails to meet customers estimations and expectations that are considered an important stakeholder of organisation (Levin, 2010). Lack of leadership depth originates lack of morality and motivation within the employees that demoralizes them to seek good opportunity of growth in organizations. This need of employees is assessed as important need as they considered as stakeholders of company. Decline in the performance and productivity in the business reduce the performance and manufacturing of the products, low quality engagemen t reduces the sales volume and profitability of organizations (Bush, 2010). Thus, lack of leadership depth indirectly affects the shareholders, and managers needs of revenue generations who are supposed to be internal stakeholders of company. Leadership Styles and theory The Corus or Tata Steel Europe group is under the leadership of Ratan Tata who is CEO of Tata Group has been assessed as the successful leader to convert the company as second largest steel product company in the international market place (Tatasteeleurope.com, 2015). As per the trait, followed by Ratan Tata assess end that a true leader is the individuals who have made some differences in life and contributed to make the societys life style much better with higher standard of living. In the analysis, the CEO of the company is assessed to be honest throughout his professional career to transform the company into the multinations corporation. Dependability in making proper and current business decisions while the acquisitions were made by TATA with Corus and Jaguar (Tatasteeleurope.com, 2015). Figure 1: Leadership Theories (Source: Fox, 2014, pp- 45) On the other hand, the chairpersons of General Electric, Jack Welch have helped to make the company as worlds largest conglomerate multinational company based in New York, USA. In the analysis, Jack Welch has adopted the 4 E-leadership styles that engage energy, energizer, edge and execution (Ge.com, 2015). In case of Ratan Tata, the abilities and skills been applied to motivate the employees of company are been presented from the beginning of his entrance in the company. In relations to the trait theory, there are several human behaviors, attitudes, believes and confidence level assessed to be part of the democratic leader (Adair, 2010). Thus, trait theory is most suitable for the democratic leadership style applied by Ratan Tata. In the other hand, the 4 E model of leadership style or pace setting leadership adopted by Jack Welch is more appropriate to behavioral theory of leadership. As per the analysis, the pace setting leadership style applied by former chairperson of General Electric is based on participations, contributions and behavioral approach (Gardner Cogliser, 2009). The leadership style applied by Jack Welch included working hard, motivating employees to work hard, defining the working limitations that are part of the behavioral approach. Thus, the behavioral theory of leadership has explained that leaders are made by practice hard work and focus not been born (Cavaleri Reed, 2008). Figure 2: Leadership Styles (Source: Coleman, 2012, pp- 76) Leadership trends and effects With the implication of the leaderships depth, the manager is able to evaluate and manage the workforce of business entities more proper and reliable manner (Wu, 2013). Implication of the strategic management process is one of the tools used by the leaders in organizations to engage more structured rules and regulations to be followed (Bush, 2012). Thus, as per the assessment, in the multinational steel making company of United Kingdome Corus, the management organizes the strategic procedure in five major stages. As the company organized in 1999, TATA group to make some organisational changes wows it. In the first step, the managers set goals and objectives to be achieved. Analysis of the goals and objectives are made to allocation of the required resources leadership strategy formations, evaluations and controlling the strategic implication. There is different strategic benchmarking that can be formed to enhance good leadership capabilities (Conger Riggio, 2012). Relationship communication and motivational skills are another attributes that enhance knowledge and learning of attempting and completing the job more dignified manner. Increasing the self-motivations provides more support and confidence to complete the job in proper manner. There are certain steps that can be engaged to form a good leadership capability; these stag es are formed as strategic capabilities. In the analysis, based on the principles and tactics adopted by two dignified business leaders there are some of the capabilities and strategic skills need to be developed for enhancing the job performances (Lumby Coleman, 2010). Organizing a clear vision on the aim and objectives to be achieved, increase in the passion and interest of achieving the particular target. Following a role model and creating confidence level to go with allocate resources for achieving the goal, increasing the communication skills to enhance knowledge and positive attitude towards reach the goal and objective been framed to achieve (Archard, 2013). In the analysis these are some of the capabilities such as motivation, passions, visions, confidence, self motivation communicational skills to create proper bench marketing strategic capabilities to improve individuals leadership skills. Figure 3: Strategic capabilities in leadership (Source: Bush, 2013, pp- 42) leadership trends and their negative impact As per the case study, the Corus is defined to make an organizational change, thus with the engagement of leadership abilities and benchmarking strategies. As per the evaluations the leadership capabilities provides opportunity to make a push to the individuals achieving their organizational objectives in more specified and reliable manner (Rayner Adam-Smith, 2009). The change strategic approach applied in Corus includes proper leadership equation includes skill capabilities and abilities of doing more qualitative job results to leadership capability that forms better individual performance and productivity. As per the evaluations, Jack Welch was most hardworking, energized and motivational leaders at the time operating in the general electric. In the year of 2001, he has resigned from the position although his practices, morals, motivational quotations and strategic attributes are still applied and adopted in the real business world (Ge.com, 2015). As per the analysis and evaluations, the discussion on traits and leadership trends defined of Ratan Tata under whom the operations of Corus is been made. In the other hand the former chairmen of General Electric Jack Welch has evaluated who adopted 4 E model of leadership trend or assessed as pace setting leadership style. As per the analysis, it is necessary to be organized and planned for every activity in the business so that every action can be taken in qualitative and effective manner. The trait theory of leadership is one of the leadership trend that describes the democratize leadership style adopted by Ratan Tata. In the theory it has evaluated that the individuals inherently engages some of the leadership styles with them (O'Leary, 2013). As per the evaluations, some of the abilities and skills are with the individuals themselves such as negations, motivation, honesty the individuals are need to identify and practices them In relations to enhance the job performance, the Focus and confidence is most reliable capability that helps to increase the job performances. It enhances the determinations towards a particular task to be achieved by employees commonly used by leaders (Bubb Earley, 2007). However, there is one limitation that is leadership skills increase the job performance but unable to provide interest and passion. It is not based on certain mindset to on psychological or emotional attributes. Conclusion The study engages critical analysis and evaluations on the leadership styles, approaches, theories and strategic techniques for enhancing performance and productivity of the employees. Based on the case study of Corus that is now known as Tata Europe Group, the leadership styles of two dignified leaders have been discussed. As per the analysis of leadership styles adopted, provides proper evaluations of capabilities to be involved to improve skills and abilities for increasing job performance of business individuals. Reference Books Adair, J. (2010) Strategic Leadership: How to Think Plan Strategically Provide Direction. 5th ed. London: Kogan Page. Bubb, S., Earley, P. (2007). Leading managing continuing professional development. Los Angeles, CA: Paul Chapman Pub. Conger, J. A. Riggio, R. E. (2012) The Practice of Leadership: Developing the Next Generation of Leaders, 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Frost, D. (2008). Teacher leadership: values voice. School Leadership Management, 28(4), 337-352 Rayner, C., Adam-Smith, D. (2009). Managing leading people. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel Development. Ree, G., French, R., Rayner, C. (2010). Leading, managing developing people. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel Development. Source: Ulrich, D., Zenger, J., Smallwood, N. (2013). Results-based leadership. Harvard Business Press. Wu, B. (2013). New theory on leadership management science. [Oxford]: Chartridge Books Oxford. Journals Archard, N. (2013). Adolescent Leadership: The Female Voice. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 41(3), 336-351. Bush, T. (2010). Accelerating Leadership Development. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 38(2), 147-148. Bush, T. (2012). Enhancing Leadership Density through Teamwork. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(6), 649-652. Bush, T. (2013). Leadership in Early Childhood Education. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 41(1), 3-4. Cavaleri, S., Reed, F. (2008). Leading dynamically complex projects. International Journal Of Managing Projects In Business, 1(1), 71-87. Coleman, M. (2012). Leadership Diversity. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(5), 592-609. Fox, A. (2014). Book Review: Leading Managing People in Education. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 42(4), 593-595. Levin, B. (2010). Leadership for evidence-informed education. School Leadership Management, 30(4), 303-315. Lumby, J., Coleman, M. (2010). Leadership diversity. School Leadership Management, 30(1), 1-2. O'Leary, D. (2013). Leading, managing developing people. Action Learning: Research Practice, 10(1), 79-83. Eli, M., Ã… ¾ener, ., Aksoy, S., Alpkan, L. (2012). The Impact of Ethical Leadership Leadership Effectiveness on Employees Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Work Related Stress. Procedia - Social Behavioral Sciences, 58, 289297 Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C. (2009) Meso-modeling of leadership: Following James G.(Jerry) Hunts lead in integrating micro- macro-perspectives of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(4), 493500 Kim, W. G., Brymer, R. A. (2011). The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, firm performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 10201026. Websites Ge.com, (2015). Corporate Executives. Retrieved 22 January 2015, from https://www.ge.com/about-us/leadership/corporate-executives Tatasteeleurope.com, (2015). Leadership | Tata Steel in Europe. Retrieved 22 January 2015, from https://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/about-us/leadership