Focused Interaction in Behavior in Public Places (1963) Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Focussed Interaction in Behavior in Public Place(1963) Introduction Erving Goffman (June 11, 1992 – Nov 19,1982) was the important sociologist and intellectual in the twentieth century. Born in Canada, Goffman developed his intellectual interest in the humanities and social sciences. Goffman was influenced by George Herbert, Herbert Blumer and Mead as well in his sociological studies. He was selected as the73rd president of American Sociological Association and in 2007 Goffman was termed as the 6th most – referred intellectual in the humanities and social sciences. Focussed Interaction Goffmans greatest contribution to social theory is symbolic interaction. The main emphasis of his work was society acting on different settings and contexts. The main focus of his work was the everyday behavior and interaction of people. If life is theater, people have to perform in different settings. Fact to face interaction happens in gathering on any occasion where two or more people present. Goffman preferred that face to face interaction should be regarded as a separate branch of sociology and called this study as the interaction order. The study was designed to understand every occasion of face to face interaction which covers a wide gamut of places like restaurants gatherings on special occasion and public places and private parties etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Focused Interaction in Behavior in Public Places (1963) or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now For all practical purposes, face to face interaction requires gathering or any occasion where people are co- present with one another. And whenever people are co-present they act as a source of information for one another. For all the co-presence there are distinctive types of communication patterns. These communication patterns or informations are focussed when all the attention converges on one point or become unfocussed when it is not. Focussed interaction happens when people mutually engage in communication required for the activity. Participants in focused interactions usually engage in interchange which requires some system requirements and ‘ritual requirements. Territories of the Self In Relations in Public Micro studies of the Public Order. (Goffman E 1971 Basic Books New York). Goffman explains how people use their territories while behaving in public spaces and places. The term territory denotes the places and spaces or objects possessed or occupied by a group of persons or individuals. According to Goffman these territories are delineated by markers referred as central markers, boundary markers and ear markers.

Summary Of An Inner Soldier - 970 Words

An Inner Soldier A chrysanthemum is a small and fragile flower on the outside, but it symbolizes optimism and joy. So, a steel chrysanthemum illustrates someone who seems unobtrusive, but has a positive outlook on every situation no matter how harsh the circumstances. Imagine a quiet and humble man who has a lovely family, and is doing well financially. One day he loses all his wealth and family, and is diagnosed with a terrible sickness. At this point he has no reason to live anymore, because he is struggling in poor living conditions and lost the most important people in his life. Instead of giving up and choosing to end his misery, he decides to fight back and views his situation with a positive mindset. This man is a steel chrysanthemum, because though he may seem feeble he actually has a steel core within him. In the short story Kokoro, Yasako is put into many unfavorable situations. However, she is able to overcome all hardships by having faith and trusting in herself, and maki ng wise decisions that benefits her in the future. Although in many cases Yasako is shown to be a weak character, she actually has a steel core inside. She does not focus on the past, but always looks ahead, perceiving her current and future situation positively. Yasako is a steel chrysanthemum, because she seems easily influenced on the outside, but has a strong heart that can not be altered easily In one of Yasako’s poems, Houston proves that she has a steel core by displaying how YasakoShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Virtue Ethics951 Words   |  4 PagesThe function of this paper is to determine why and how three members of the cast in the videos â€Å"RPG Embedded in Soldier† made the choices they did in relation to the groups of values that are commonly found within the theory of virtue ethics. 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Impact Of Globalization On Telecommunication Industry Of India And Aus

Question: Discuss about the Impact of globalization on Telecommunication Industry of India and Australia. Answer: Introduction The report is prepared to highlight the positive and negative impact of globalization on Telecommunication Industry of India and Australia. Telecommunication has become a vital part of the communications for every economy. Some of the impacts include technology innovation, speedy information exchange, and the new way of communication. Impact of globalization on Telecommunication Industry India Positive: By the help of globalization, Indian Telecom Companys revenue has grown by 7% to US$42 billion for 2010-11 financial year and US$17 billion from the segment of telecom equipment. An increase in mobile subscribers is noticed from 37 million to over 846 million for year 2001 to 2011. Foreign investment is grown from 3% to 10% from 2005 to 2009 (India in Business, 2016). Indian Telecom Company has become private because of a contract signed by government of India with France Alcatel CIT which is merged with state-owned telecom company (ITI) to set up 5000,000 lines yearly. Moreover, market share for the private telecom has been increased from 4.7% to 79.2% for financial year 1998 to 2009. Launching of 3G services was impossible to introduce without globalization. Employment opportunity in foreign telecom companies such as Vodaphone India Ltd. and Tata Docomo has increased due to globalization. Negative: Due to globalization, intense competition takes place between the local and foreign telecom companies in India which is impossible to compete in terms of price and services for small scale companies. To earn money, students leave their studies as foreign telecom companies operate in India (The Economic Times, 2016). Per user, average revenue is declined due to pressure of intense competition. Quality of network services will be affected by increased number of operators in a market as spectrum is less available because of major competitors available in the market. Australia Positive: Increase in the users of wireless mobile broadband connections is noted by Globalization. Also, 2-3% growth is expected in number of broadband subscribers yearly. New and advanced technology is experienced by people in many ways such as LTE was first provided by Telstra telecom (IBSI World, 2016). Besides this, M2 Telecom and Macquarie Telecom recently acquired iiNet. Data demand to people was also increased as fixed data demand grew by 40% from 0.96 million terabytes (TB) to 1.3 million TB and 35 percent increase was noticed from 72 000 TB to 110 000 TB in the mobile data. Negative: Australia becomes dependent by the help of importing telecommunication technology for globalization. Telecommunication equipment is imported from other countries for high labor cost in Australia (ACCC, 2016). This results in high labor cost as living standard is high of Australian people. Also, there is generation of greediness. Conclusion It can be concluded that globalization has both negative and positive effect on telecommunication industry of India as well as Australia. Globalization has resulted in speeding up the information exchange. By the help of globalization, anybody can easily link among different areas of world. On the other hand, negative impact includes students leaving their studies to earn money in telecom sector as job availability is easy here. References Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2016) ACCC Telecommunication Report [Online]. Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/accc-telecommunications-report (Accessed: 23 August 2016). IBSI World (2016) Telecommunications Services in Australia: Market Research Report. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=1730 (Accessed: 23 August 2016). India in Business (2016) Telecommunications. [Online]. Available at: https://indiainbusiness.nic.in/newdesign/index.php?param=industryservices_landing/371/2 (Accessed: 23 August 2016). The Economic Times (2016) INDIAN TELECOM INDUSTRY. [Online]. Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/indian-telecom-industry/news (Accessed: 23 August 2016).

A Case Study Analysis On Leadership Depth @Corus

Question: I also need a few diagrams or charts with proper referencing to support the answers case study is about the company "Corus? Answer: Introduction The managers are experiencing complex responsibilities with the increase in business competitions in the market place. With the proper leadership and managerial techniques, tools and theoretical applications leaders of multinational organizations are able to manage their workforce (Frost, 2008). The assignment focuses on the relevancy, creditability and limitations of current leadership conceptualization based on case study of multinational steel making company Corus. Critical evaluations on Leadership Depth The leadership depth provides an overall learning and knowledge on increasing the contribution, performance and productivity of the leaders with engagement of leadership equations (Eli et al. 2012). In the analysis, the leadership depth specifies the as kills, abilities and practices that is need to be learned by the managers to enhance their motivating, directing and leading abilities to the workforce. It certainly increases the conceptions of leadership equations from the leadership depth. As per the equations the individual performances, their skills, abilities and set of qualities together form a leadership capability for a sustainable development and improvement (Kim Brymer, 2011). It is evaluated that increasing the leadership depth result to increase in overall managerial performances, that enhances the workforce productivity focus and contributions. It can be said that with the engagement of leadership depth, managers indirectly increase positioning and profitability of busi ness in the market. The lack of leadership depth originates poor management, handling mentoring and leading the employees in the organizations (Ree et al. 2010). This makes impact on the business performance and indirectly hampers stakeholders relationships and needs. As per the analysis, it has assessed that the lack of leadership depth directly put a negative impact in the lack of managing and allocation of resources that reduce quality of final product. It certainly reduces the fails to meet customers estimations and expectations that are considered an important stakeholder of organisation (Levin, 2010). Lack of leadership depth originates lack of morality and motivation within the employees that demoralizes them to seek good opportunity of growth in organizations. This need of employees is assessed as important need as they considered as stakeholders of company. Decline in the performance and productivity in the business reduce the performance and manufacturing of the products, low quality engagemen t reduces the sales volume and profitability of organizations (Bush, 2010). Thus, lack of leadership depth indirectly affects the shareholders, and managers needs of revenue generations who are supposed to be internal stakeholders of company. Leadership Styles and theory The Corus or Tata Steel Europe group is under the leadership of Ratan Tata who is CEO of Tata Group has been assessed as the successful leader to convert the company as second largest steel product company in the international market place (Tatasteeleurope.com, 2015). As per the trait, followed by Ratan Tata assess end that a true leader is the individuals who have made some differences in life and contributed to make the societys life style much better with higher standard of living. In the analysis, the CEO of the company is assessed to be honest throughout his professional career to transform the company into the multinations corporation. Dependability in making proper and current business decisions while the acquisitions were made by TATA with Corus and Jaguar (Tatasteeleurope.com, 2015). Figure 1: Leadership Theories (Source: Fox, 2014, pp- 45) On the other hand, the chairpersons of General Electric, Jack Welch have helped to make the company as worlds largest conglomerate multinational company based in New York, USA. In the analysis, Jack Welch has adopted the 4 E-leadership styles that engage energy, energizer, edge and execution (Ge.com, 2015). In case of Ratan Tata, the abilities and skills been applied to motivate the employees of company are been presented from the beginning of his entrance in the company. In relations to the trait theory, there are several human behaviors, attitudes, believes and confidence level assessed to be part of the democratic leader (Adair, 2010). Thus, trait theory is most suitable for the democratic leadership style applied by Ratan Tata. In the other hand, the 4 E model of leadership style or pace setting leadership adopted by Jack Welch is more appropriate to behavioral theory of leadership. As per the analysis, the pace setting leadership style applied by former chairperson of General Electric is based on participations, contributions and behavioral approach (Gardner Cogliser, 2009). The leadership style applied by Jack Welch included working hard, motivating employees to work hard, defining the working limitations that are part of the behavioral approach. Thus, the behavioral theory of leadership has explained that leaders are made by practice hard work and focus not been born (Cavaleri Reed, 2008). Figure 2: Leadership Styles (Source: Coleman, 2012, pp- 76) Leadership trends and effects With the implication of the leaderships depth, the manager is able to evaluate and manage the workforce of business entities more proper and reliable manner (Wu, 2013). Implication of the strategic management process is one of the tools used by the leaders in organizations to engage more structured rules and regulations to be followed (Bush, 2012). Thus, as per the assessment, in the multinational steel making company of United Kingdome Corus, the management organizes the strategic procedure in five major stages. As the company organized in 1999, TATA group to make some organisational changes wows it. In the first step, the managers set goals and objectives to be achieved. Analysis of the goals and objectives are made to allocation of the required resources leadership strategy formations, evaluations and controlling the strategic implication. There is different strategic benchmarking that can be formed to enhance good leadership capabilities (Conger Riggio, 2012). Relationship communication and motivational skills are another attributes that enhance knowledge and learning of attempting and completing the job more dignified manner. Increasing the self-motivations provides more support and confidence to complete the job in proper manner. There are certain steps that can be engaged to form a good leadership capability; these stag es are formed as strategic capabilities. In the analysis, based on the principles and tactics adopted by two dignified business leaders there are some of the capabilities and strategic skills need to be developed for enhancing the job performances (Lumby Coleman, 2010). Organizing a clear vision on the aim and objectives to be achieved, increase in the passion and interest of achieving the particular target. Following a role model and creating confidence level to go with allocate resources for achieving the goal, increasing the communication skills to enhance knowledge and positive attitude towards reach the goal and objective been framed to achieve (Archard, 2013). In the analysis these are some of the capabilities such as motivation, passions, visions, confidence, self motivation communicational skills to create proper bench marketing strategic capabilities to improve individuals leadership skills. Figure 3: Strategic capabilities in leadership (Source: Bush, 2013, pp- 42) leadership trends and their negative impact As per the case study, the Corus is defined to make an organizational change, thus with the engagement of leadership abilities and benchmarking strategies. As per the evaluations the leadership capabilities provides opportunity to make a push to the individuals achieving their organizational objectives in more specified and reliable manner (Rayner Adam-Smith, 2009). The change strategic approach applied in Corus includes proper leadership equation includes skill capabilities and abilities of doing more qualitative job results to leadership capability that forms better individual performance and productivity. As per the evaluations, Jack Welch was most hardworking, energized and motivational leaders at the time operating in the general electric. In the year of 2001, he has resigned from the position although his practices, morals, motivational quotations and strategic attributes are still applied and adopted in the real business world (Ge.com, 2015). As per the analysis and evaluations, the discussion on traits and leadership trends defined of Ratan Tata under whom the operations of Corus is been made. In the other hand the former chairmen of General Electric Jack Welch has evaluated who adopted 4 E model of leadership trend or assessed as pace setting leadership style. As per the analysis, it is necessary to be organized and planned for every activity in the business so that every action can be taken in qualitative and effective manner. The trait theory of leadership is one of the leadership trend that describes the democratize leadership style adopted by Ratan Tata. In the theory it has evaluated that the individuals inherently engages some of the leadership styles with them (O'Leary, 2013). As per the evaluations, some of the abilities and skills are with the individuals themselves such as negations, motivation, honesty the individuals are need to identify and practices them In relations to enhance the job performance, the Focus and confidence is most reliable capability that helps to increase the job performances. It enhances the determinations towards a particular task to be achieved by employees commonly used by leaders (Bubb Earley, 2007). However, there is one limitation that is leadership skills increase the job performance but unable to provide interest and passion. It is not based on certain mindset to on psychological or emotional attributes. Conclusion The study engages critical analysis and evaluations on the leadership styles, approaches, theories and strategic techniques for enhancing performance and productivity of the employees. Based on the case study of Corus that is now known as Tata Europe Group, the leadership styles of two dignified leaders have been discussed. As per the analysis of leadership styles adopted, provides proper evaluations of capabilities to be involved to improve skills and abilities for increasing job performance of business individuals. Reference Books Adair, J. (2010) Strategic Leadership: How to Think Plan Strategically Provide Direction. 5th ed. London: Kogan Page. Bubb, S., Earley, P. (2007). Leading managing continuing professional development. Los Angeles, CA: Paul Chapman Pub. Conger, J. A. Riggio, R. E. (2012) The Practice of Leadership: Developing the Next Generation of Leaders, 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Frost, D. (2008). Teacher leadership: values voice. School Leadership Management, 28(4), 337-352 Rayner, C., Adam-Smith, D. (2009). Managing leading people. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel Development. Ree, G., French, R., Rayner, C. (2010). Leading, managing developing people. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel Development. Source: Ulrich, D., Zenger, J., Smallwood, N. (2013). Results-based leadership. Harvard Business Press. Wu, B. (2013). New theory on leadership management science. [Oxford]: Chartridge Books Oxford. Journals Archard, N. (2013). Adolescent Leadership: The Female Voice. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 41(3), 336-351. Bush, T. (2010). Accelerating Leadership Development. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 38(2), 147-148. Bush, T. (2012). Enhancing Leadership Density through Teamwork. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(6), 649-652. Bush, T. (2013). Leadership in Early Childhood Education. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 41(1), 3-4. Cavaleri, S., Reed, F. (2008). Leading dynamically complex projects. International Journal Of Managing Projects In Business, 1(1), 71-87. Coleman, M. (2012). Leadership Diversity. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(5), 592-609. Fox, A. (2014). Book Review: Leading Managing People in Education. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 42(4), 593-595. Levin, B. (2010). Leadership for evidence-informed education. School Leadership Management, 30(4), 303-315. Lumby, J., Coleman, M. (2010). Leadership diversity. School Leadership Management, 30(1), 1-2. O'Leary, D. (2013). Leading, managing developing people. Action Learning: Research Practice, 10(1), 79-83. Eli, M., Ã… ¾ener, ., Aksoy, S., Alpkan, L. (2012). The Impact of Ethical Leadership Leadership Effectiveness on Employees Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Work Related Stress. Procedia - Social Behavioral Sciences, 58, 289297 Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C. (2009) Meso-modeling of leadership: Following James G.(Jerry) Hunts lead in integrating micro- macro-perspectives of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(4), 493500 Kim, W. G., Brymer, R. A. (2011). The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, firm performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 10201026. Websites Ge.com, (2015). Corporate Executives. Retrieved 22 January 2015, from https://www.ge.com/about-us/leadership/corporate-executives Tatasteeleurope.com, (2015). Leadership | Tata Steel in Europe. Retrieved 22 January 2015, from https://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/about-us/leadership

Goodfellas Essays - Lucchese Crime Family, The Vario Crew

Goodfellas Goodfellas The 1990 Martin Scorsese's motion picture Goodfellas, is a classic movie about the world of organized crime. Goodfellas is based on the Nicolas Pileggi novel WISE GUY. The film starts off in New York City in the 1950's, and is on the life of a poor Irish-Italian named Henry Hill. Hill is an aspiring criminal who threw the movie, rises threw ranks of his Brooklyn neighborhood's organized crime branch, and has Henry and his family living the good life with his profits from his criminal activity, finally Henry is forced to testify against his former partners and lands Henry and his family in the FBI's Witness protection program. In his teen age years Henry starts working in a local hangout for wise guy's (members of organized crime). At first Henry is put to work, parking cars and little odd jobs for the wise guy's. After a few years things escalate into more involvement for Henry like working in an underground gamboling ring, running messages, Torching cars, and to selling stolen cigarettes. Most of his current activity is a classified as a misdemeanor, or a public order crime. When Henry ends up getting arrested, and after a light slap on the wrists, Henry earns much trust and respect and starts off on his life of crime. In his early 20's Henry and his partners, Tommy, and Jimmy set up different jobs Crowell 2 to improve there financial gain, social status and if not more importantly respect, from other individuals involved organized crime. The three ran jobs like robbing cargo trucks filled with goods from fur coats, to cigarettes, and even occasionally a shipment of shrimp and lobster's. These goods are sold illegally on the ?black Market? for a fraction of their original costs. These criminal activity starts to enhance as time moves on, with public official and police payoffs, crimes are put on the bottom of the pile or never investigated. Along with the intimidation of witness's and the common fear of two-timing organized and never being herd from again members of organized crime usually escape the long arm of the law. Henry's first big score was a robbery of an over sea's bank exchange from the Air France loading dock with the help of Tommy and the head security guard jimmy just walked out with a suit case of almost 250,000 dollars, After this Henry earns respect as a big time wise gu y. With time Henry, Tommy, and Jimmy move on to more serious crimes like Major shakedowns of business for protection and skimming a popular restaurant by unloading goods like liquor out the back door and selling them for a fraction of the price, but it was not a loss because no one was going to pay for it when the restaurant barrowed every last dime they torched the place. This was an insurance fraud crime and Arson witch are both serious felonies. When members of organized need to keep someone quiet they take care of it by making the person disappear, In the film this usually entailed a six foot pit up state. Henry, Tommy and, Jimmy took many trips up state during the course of the movie. Hit's were not an uncommon thing in the movie, like when Jimmy pulled off one of the Crowell 3 biggest robbery's in u.s. history he killed everyone involved. In most crimes vehicles are stolen to be used in illegal dealing's so no one could trace a car back to the person who committed the crime. After the criminal activity was over the car was torched or driven into the river. When Jimmy made his big score, the get away driver got drunk and forgot to dump the car, this is when people started disappearing. On a failed robbery Henry and Jimmy were pinched (arrested) on federal charges and given Ten years in a federal prison. When Henry went to prison he stated paying off the guard's to look the other way so he could sell narcotics to other inmates, and live a decent life behind bars. Henry did not live with the prison population he lived in a private cell with other mafia figures in prison on different charges, they received many privileges like being able

Families of the Forest Essays

Families of the Forest Essays Families of the Forest Essay Families of the Forest Essay ANTH 418 Final Paper This paper will be discussing the ethnography by Allen Johnson titled Families of the forest. The ethnography describes the Matsigenka people of Shimaa that live in the Peruvian Amazon. The paper will examine the Matsigenka culture, the needs and resources of the culture, and proposed projects to meet the needs of the culture. The Matsigenka of Shimaa live in isolation along river valleys and forested mountains in the Peruvian Amazon (Johnson,1999, p. 24). They live in small villages of about 7 to 25 people, that make up three to five nuclear family households (Johnson, 1999, p 3). The Matsigenka prefer to live in these hamlets and avoid interacting with people outside of their immediate family. The Matsigenka live a family level society and this helps them to avoid being exploited or to encounter enemies (Johnson, 1999, p. 6). Their isolated hamlets are very self-sufficient; â€Å"good land for horticulture is ample, however, and the low population density and widely scattered small settlements has meant only minimal competition between family groups for what wild foods do exist† (Johnson, 1999, p. 21). They live off of fishing, foraging and horticulture and the most important food to the Matsigenka is insect larvae. This provides them with protein and dietary fats, which they can get year round from moths, butterflies, beetles, bees and wasps (Johnson, 1999, p. 36). The cultural values of the Matsigenka are not to far from that of Western culture. Much of their religious beliefs are stemmed from folklore and spirits which promote proper behaviors within the group. They can be calm, quiet, gentle, but also mean, aggressive, and violent. They might be less sociable in large groups, but â€Å"they are more courteous and thoughtful in individual interactions. They are less attracted to the lure of commerce and new value systems. Their commitment to freedom of the family unit is truly remarkable† (Johnson, 1999, p. 50). The Matsigenka are a people that are at their happiest when left alone from outsiders and in their isolation. Much of their happiest in isolation stems from the fear of outsiders bringing in infectious diseases, which happened in the 1950s and 1960s when they first encountered Peruvians and Euro-Americans (Johnson, 1999, p. 75). They maintain societal standards for their hamlets that require independence and being able to live peacefully within a group. : They do not have or give proper names to one another and when they do name a person it is usually referring to a deformity or amusing incident (Johnson, 1999, p. 20). â€Å"Somehow individual men and women must be highly self-reliant, motivated to do the necessary thing according to their own judgment with little encouragement (or interference) from others, and yet at the same time be generous in the family and avoid the impulsive expressions especially of sex, aggression and greed that can shatter even the strongest interpersonal bonds in closely-cooperating family groups† (Johnson, 1999, p. 10). â€Å"Courtship is generally open and a topic of delighted conversation at large. For many couples, courtship is a more or less public expression of mutual interest as they test the possibility of marriage† (Johnson, 1999, p. 120). A married couple within the Matsigenka culture have established roles, they are partners with skills in separate areas of surviving. They seek to m arry well and make sure to not marry a lazy person. They think that this will lead to an unequal marriage and the lazy person will always be dissatisfied (Johnson, 1999, p. 121). Matsigenka husbands and wives spend much time together in evident harmony and enjoyment of each other’s company. We frequently find them sitting side by side at home, working quietly at some task, talking and laughing together. At times they become playful and giggle or wrestle erotically† (Johnson, 1999, p. 120). Anger does not play a large role in their marriages, but it does happen occasionally when there are beer feasts and the men become drunk. The men may even beat their wives who in return will runaway to the home of their brother or father. The Matsigenka understand that intercourse between a man and woman is what leads to pregnancy and that the woman always knows who the father of that infant is (Johnson, 1999, p. 78). They do practice abortions and infanticide if the child is not wanted or is believed to not be the husband’s baby. Abortions are used if the mother is a widow or already has enough young children, and it is considered the mother’s choice (Johnson, 1999, p. 82). In early childhood, â€Å"the matsigenka overtly do little to hasten a child’s development. Their style is best described as a gradual raising of expectations. They do not cajole a child to rise up and toddle toward them, but they welcome her when she does† (Johnson, 1999, p. 85). The child learns responsibility from interacting with the mother. The families feel they need to tame the willful child, so that the family can survive and multiply (Johnson, 199, p. 78). â€Å"Matsigenka siblings are close and affectionate. They spend most of their childhood in each other’s company, and interact seldom with other children. This is partly because there may be few other children around, but it is also a reflection of the nuclear-family centeredness of Matsigenka behavior† (Johnson, 1999, p. 14). Some hamlets send their children to school. The school is about an hour walk each way for most children. â€Å"The school acts as both a magnet and a repellent for Matsigenka households. Attraction to the school, for trade goods, medicines, and a general sense of security comes into conflict with many of their most basic preferences abo ut where and how to live best. It is these conflicts that account for the aversion many Matsigenkas have toward school communities† (Johnson, 1999, p. 197). When reading the ethnography by Allen Johnson there are a few specific needs that would benefit the Matsigenka people of Shimaa. When assessing the needs of the Matsigenka community it begins with gathering the information from the ethnography and then applying it to the community problems. The first need involves their drinking water and the access to it. The Matsigenka get their water from the river closest to their hamlets but because of their desire for isolation and the danger, they do not live close to the river banks. When they are in a the season of high water or Kimoariniku the trails become become muddy and make it hard to travel. During low season the â€Å"little streams that supply household needs during dry high water dry up, forcing people to lug river water in heavy, sloshing gourds up steep trails to their houses. And dry spells occur of long enough duration that crops in well-drained fields begin to wilt under the intense sun and Matsigenkas anxiously watch the skies for welcome signs of rain† (Johnson, 1999, p. 34). The second need of the Matsigenka people is a latrine. Johnson mentions in his book that a house did have a latrine but most of the people would use strips of land where brush or cane grow to defecate (Johnson, 1999, p. 207). â€Å"These are preferred areas for urination and children’s defecation. Adults are fastidious about defecation, however, and prefer whenever possible to refrain until they are at the edge of an old garden or out foraging in the forest† (Johnson, 1999, p. 207). By having effective latrines they can ensure proper sanitation, the prevention of infectious diseases, and help keep their drinking water safe and clean. The Matsigenka are disgusted by feces (itiga), not only of other people but of any animal. The feces of toddlers, not yet toilet trained, are quickly collected into a leaf and disposed of† (Johnson, 1999, p. 208). The Matsigenka do try to maintain good health but they do not have the proper tools and means to make sure they do not develop any infectious diseases. They try to locate their homes in areas where a family is not living upstream from their location, this ensures that the water will not be contaminated by urination or feces. They have standards of cleanliness to which they adhere, and they respond to injury and illness with all the tools at their command. But their technology for dealing with health threats, and particularly with infectious diseases, is of limited effectiveness† (Johnson, 1999, p. 431). Johnson notes that they do not go around with dirt all over them and smelling bad. They usually sit on the dirt floor with a mat, wash themselves daily, wash their garments daily, and wash their hands before preparing food (Johnson, 1999, p. 431). They also make sure that any waste or garbage is thrown away from their homes and in a designated area. â€Å"But efforts at hygiene are in a sense a losing battle in Shimaa. In addition to parasites, infections pass freely between members of a household or hamlet because of the continual affectionate touching and sharing between them† (Johnson, 1999, p. 434). The third need for the Matsigenka is the prevention of infanticide. â€Å"A small but significant proportion of women, again perhaps one in ten, contemplate killing their infants rather than raise them. Men may have attitudes in the matter, and may promote infanticide if they believe another man is the father, but it is primarily the woman’s decision and her action† (Johnson, 1999, p. 81). Johnson discusses that some women feel the need to kill their infant because they have been unable to stop it from crying after a few days. Not everyone in the hamlet feels that infanticide is right but most do feel that it is the mother’s choice. â€Å"The general belief is that troublesome children should be bathed in hot water, not given up on† (Johnson, 1999, p. 82). There is a need of prevention not only with the mother but also with those closest to the mother. Some of the mothers were told by others to kill their babies, either because they needed them to continue working or because a co-wife told them they cannot raise children (Johnson, 1999, p. 82). â€Å"In the difficult choices of abortion and infanticide, the mother has the ultimate say and performs the act, even when her husband or parent tries to influence her decision†(Johnson, 1999, p. 82). The final need involves the Matsigenka’s access to school and their participation in school. Education is important because it helps to increase income and knowledge which makes future generation better able to survive. Many Matsigenka people do not like the school communities because they involve being around people they do not know. â€Å"Although social relations are peaceful and courteous, in private there is a good deal of suspicion and accusation leveled against members of other hamlets† (Johnson, 1999, p. 49). Other Matsigenka school communities besides Shimaa are much more integrated, visit each other more often, and trade goods (Johnson, 1999, p. 49). This is why it would be beneficial for all members of the community to be more open and involved in the school systems. With more students attending the school there is more opportunity to have better teachers and a better education. Discussing the proposed needs of the Matsigenka cannot happen without having a proposed development project to accompany each need. The first need discussed was drinking water and the access to it. To gain better access to drinking water the Matsigenka people need manually drilled wells to help secure their water and make it more accessible. By working with the school ommunities they could work to gain donations and funding through organizations to help manually drill wells for the people. While doing this, information could be explained to the different hamlets on the importance of boiling the water to prevent infectious disease. The second need for the Matsigenka is latrines. This is an important project because it helps to prevent disease and keep peo ple healthy through proper sanitation. Many places that use latrines collect the waste and transport it out to be processed for future use as compost. With Matsigenka’s isolation and lack of roads and transport this makes this process very difficult. The project being proposed is to still use latrines but use biodegradable clay or stones to build it so that when the latrine fills up, it can still be used for farming in the future. Another possibility is to use good bacteria to help compost the human waste faster to help prevent the odor and flies from accumulating. When there is too much smell and flies people will prefer to defecate other places than the latrines. An additional way to cut down on the flies and smell is to install a type of sky light or vent that is at the top of the latrine. By building the latrine it will help sanitation and prevent water from being contaminated. While building the latrines it will be important to inform people in the community of the importance of not to defecating in the surrounding areas that they are living. To help keep infectious disease and bacteria from spreading it will be important to inform the community on the important of washing their hands after use of the latrine. The Matsigenka are already practicing good habits by avoid the areas of used for urination and defecation, so this would help in their transition to using latrines. The third proposed development project involves the prevention of infanticide. The Matsigenka people also practice abortions which are done before a child is born. This will not be a debate regarding whether or not abortion is right or wrong but rather a discussion on preventative measures to protect babies that are already born. Infanticide is usually used as a way to control the population or because of stressful parental situations. The community in Shimaa leaves the decision to the mother on whether or not to kill her infant. This is why it is important to inform the mother on etter ways to soothe a crying infant and ways to handle stresses regarding the infant. A project could be to implement awareness in the schools on how to handle infants and what are the options outside of infanticide for them and their infant. This is not a problem that could be change overnight. It may take many years of education and awareness to see the number of deaths decrease. The last proposed develo pment project is the need for more school communities and access to education. Education is incredibly powerful and when that knowledge is obtained it is something that cannot be taken away. Education for the Matsigenka people can mean opening up their communities to more opportunities to trade and increase their incomes. With more income they can afford to have stronger and more functional housing. More income can also mean better access to medicines and clinics so illnesses can be treated early. â€Å"Attraction to the school, for trade goods, medicines, and a general sense of security, comes into conflict with many of their most basic preferences about where and how to live best. It is these conflicts that account for the aversion many Matsigenkas have toward school communities† (Johnson, 1999, p. 197). The Matsigenka people fear outsiders because of their fear of illness and their history with outsiders bringing influenza to their communities. â€Å"Always a topic of conversation, news of a viral infection in the neighborhood travels quickly. Families scatter to their alternative residences. They will stay away until they believe the danger has passed and the locale is again safe† (Johnson, 1999, p. 198). This will be a hard part of the project to handle but with proper sanitation, clean water, and awareness of proper hygiene their fear of outsiders bringing infection can be lessened. The Matsigenka are unique in their want of isolation. Most communities are looking to make sellable goods or use of their land, so that they can reach more people to have the possibility of more income. With more people coming to the Amazon in search of natural gas and to exploit their resources the Matsigenka people are going to have to become more aware and take more preventative action with the outside world. This means they need more information to protect against infectious diseases and to keep their community in the changing world. References Johnson, A. , (1999). Families of the Forest. Retrieved from sscnet. ucla. edu/anthro/faculty/johnson/ethnography. html

Japan Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Japan Business - Term Paper Example There were  many  periods in the history of Japan, but the first period was of Prehistoric Period that began around 10,000  BC  and the inhabitants of the Japan lived by hunting, gathering, and fishing. During the post-war period, the economy of the Japan experiences the  boom  and  massive  boom  came by the Korean War. The Japan came as the crucial power in different economic spheres such as, car manufacturing, electronic and steel manufacturing. Business History Society of Japan  was prearranged  in the year 1964 (Karan, 2010). In 1989,  the economy of the Japan marked the most rapid economic growth that spurts the history of Japan as Nikkei 225  reach  to the record high of 39,000, due to the strong Yen and favourable exchange rate in comparison with dollar. Geography Mountain Islands of Japan is in the eastern coast of Asia that served as the protective barrier as mentioned in  history. The Japan has the insular nature along with the  main  terr itory  and cultural homogeneity of individuals. The country has four islands, which are: Kyushu, Honshu, Hokkaido, and Shikoku. Islands in the Japan  stretch  1100  Km  from the major islands. Tokyo is the capital of Japan that covers 13000 square kilometres. Small number of habitant has promoted  terrain. Land is reclaiming through the sea by dikes construction and drainage along with rice paddies, which is the main export of the country to other countries. Rivers in Japan are less than 300  Km, but there rapid  flow  through the mountains gave renewable and  valuable  resources such as, hydroelectric power generation. Coastal shipping around the Inland Sea compensates the lack of  navigable  river. Natural Resources The Japan has fewer natural resources such as, gold, coal, silver, and magnesium; therefore, the Japan depends over the export of its natural resources along with the energy resources and raw materials. As the country has the  large  marit ime area, the Japan is one of the first producers of the fishing products. In Japan, only 15% of the land is suitable for cultivation. Two main crops of Japan are Tea and rice; therefore, the agricultural economy of the country  is subsidized  and protected. Agriculture of the country contributes into the  GDP  and employs up to 5 % of the active population. Industrial sector of the country  is diversified  and covers steel and paper along with the highly technological products such as, biotechnology, nanotechnology, renewable energy, automobile, and robotics. The Japan is the second largest car manufacturer and ships in all over the world. Industrial sector of the country contributes into the 30% of the  GDP. Political/Legal System Political and legal  system  of the Japan presents the  complicated  picture. In one side, The Japan is the democratic  state  having the  strong  legal and civic institutions, and on the other side the country shows the cha racteristics of non-democratic systems. The Japan has the  democracy, the Liberal Democratic Party that runs the country after the World War  II. The Japan is also  bureaucratic; decisions that impact the national  policy  are taken  by the ministries having the  substantial  power  that ties with industrial and business groups. The Japan legal system is different from the Westerners. After 1986 foreign legal

English 103 - The Respendent Quetzal by Margaret Atwood Essay

English 103 - The Respendent Quetzal by Margaret Atwood - Essay Example About the mental state of Sarah, Atwood writes, â€Å"At first Edward’s obsessions had fascinated her†¦but now they merely made her tired†¦She herself, she thought, had once been of his obsessions† (1998,p.154). They see a superficial world in Mexico, as compared to the painful world in which they live at present, for the obvious reason. Somehow they wish to transcend the unhappy reality of their marriage, and seek solace in the beauty of nature in Mexico. The superficial world of Mayan ruins now is plagued with the commercialization, and the westernization of the village from which they hail from are like the alternative beats of the same heart, but Sarah and Edward do not realize this fact. The author describes the situation at the site of Mayan ruins in Mexico thus. â€Å"The "authentic" Mexican diner where they ate had a radio shaped like Fred Flintstone playing American pop songs, a crà ¨che with an eclectic collection of holy figurines and a TV playing a dubbed version of "The Cisco Kid". The Mayan site is swarming with foreign tourists with their generic guidebooks, straw hats and large "tasteless" handbags.† (Atwood, n. p.)Through the failed marriage theme Atwood tries to explore the important women issue, the difference in perception for the tragic loss Sarah and Edward suffer. Thus, the characterization of the tourists mentioned in the story is not about the normal tourists but the ones who arrive to find solutions to their inner turmoil and strained relationship. The symbolic object of Mayan ruins becomes the destination of the couple and they hope the vacation in Mexico will restore the lost cheer back to their lives. A story writer, howsoever intelligently he/she may try to sweep under the carpet, will not be able to hide some of the real life

Segmentation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Segmentation - Term Paper Example Segments are the portions attained after considering the various variables that include age, gender, and societal class in terms of income generation, attitudes, and opinions. Other factors include their interests, physique, and their knowledge status among many others. Segmentation is part of the many tools and theories in the marketing world (Wedel and Kamakura 69). For instance, the manufacturing of the products is within the target needs of a specific part of a population. This paper will seek to expound on the various steps involved in analyzing of the same. The other objectives of this paper shall include in-depth market analysis of a product of choice in line with segmentation, the various segmentation variables, and how they influence the marketing and selling of the identified product. In addition, it will give a detailed analysis of the existing market segments carefully depicting the underutilized variables in improving the marketing and distribution of the chosen product. Predominantly, there are two classes of variables, which influence the use of segmentation in a target market. The first factor is needs, which essentially is what an individual cannot do without. Mostly, wants take the place of needs as is in many instances individuals confuse their urgency and importance. A want is something that one can simply delay its use as it is not pressing or not of urgency. Essentially, needs are the most basic things and are unavoidable. In market segmentation, the needs of the consumer are the referral point in the marketing strategy. Obtaining of these needs is through the conducting an intensive research in the identified market (McDonald and Dunbar 40). The other variable is profilers, which are the detailed description of consumers’ characteristics by determining their age, area of residence, citizenship, income level and their gender. Further, under area of residence, ascertaining if the segmented group lives in urban or rural setting is cri tical as the way of life for those living in the two tend to be different (Weinstein 54). Amazingly, examples of profilers and the characteristics of the needs revolve around the same factors mentioned above. Further, a field’s societal status can also be the base of the argument that distinguishes what a segmented group would want and what it would not. For instance, race and religion play a role in the segmentation period as marketing of a certain product to a certain race would be unsuccessful as their religion may not allow it (Yankelovich and Meer 5). Therefore, market research is an important tool that would ensure the successful penetration of a product into a targeted market. The lifestyle of those whom a marketing company intends to roll out the product to should also serve as their reference point. Many product releases fail to pick in a market mainly because the product does not get to the right individuals. Poor study of the group leads to such cases, thus inhibit ing exhaustion of the market area. Another factor is the behavior of the segmented group in terms of the product usage. In a market, there are high, middle and low level consumers of a specific product. In essence, profiling them according to their different usage levels helps the marketer to determine the amount of products to release into the market (Wedel and Kamakura 73). One among the extensively growing industries is the automobile one. With the motor industry as the basis, it is

Durkheim Modernity Theory

Durkheim Modernity Theory Durkheim saw Modernity as a new form of thinking that would change the way individuals functioned in society. It took away the overarching order in which humanity, nature and God were interlinked and functioned as the higher power and order of life in traditional societies. The Enlightenment bought about values of questioning, it began to examine the relationship and function that traditional institutions, customs and morals had on the individual and society. Science and rationality began to take the place of stability and order. The modernity of these modes of thought lay in the innovative way in which the philosophes sought to demolish and replace established forms of knowledge dependent of religious authority, such as the biblical account of the creation of the world, with those new forms of knowledge which depended upon experience, experiment and reason quintessentially science. (Hamilton 1992, p. 29). This founding of individualism and new thought is what most worried Durkheim. He felt that strong bonds had to be maintained to keep solidarity which was what he felt society needed to function best. He questioned the place the individual now had in this modern society. To Durkheim, social solidarity is the key to society, Without these social links, he stated, individuals would be separate and unrelated (Morrison P. 128). It brings integration, social bonds and interchanges that he feels are key to a functioning society which cooperates together to achieve goals. After all, we are all fundamentally social where our life at home, work or worship is what defines us and gives us meaning and purpose. Without solidarity Durkheim felt, there would be poor cohesion which linked individuals to social groups. Durkheims The Division of Labour in Society (1893) puts forth the two diverse types of solidarity mechanical and organic. Mechanical solidarity saw society as a whole, with collective opinions and thoughts. The higher power of mechanical societies was held within religion. The stability and order of the Church gave continual reinforcement of the way to live your life and the population were bought together as a whole under this chain of being. This meant all individuals were directly linked and a part of society which carried with it strong social rules and moral values with little individual autonomy. At this time there was a strong collective conscience. The conscience collective exists over and above individuals and becomes implanted in them. It is a society in which the division of labour remains at a very basic level (Craib. I. 1997 p.65). Due to Industrialism, society took a major turn and organic solidarity came into place. Industrialism bought about specialisation in the division of labour. As labour developed individuals became reliant on each other to perform separate functions and individual bonds grew rather than loyalties to society. Durkheims concern of organic solidarity was that he felt it took away the social rules which became paramount in mechanical, Durkheim asserted that the tendency exhibited by utilitarians to reduce society to individuals led them to ignore the larger system of social rules which acted as restraints on individual action. (Morrison P. 125). Individuals now had become a product of society. Urbanisation developed so people moved from rural areas into the cities for better work and job opportunities. This created a growing social mass and intensified social interaction. Durkheim was worried that in this form of modernity created selfish individuals which would exist and focus on their own economic gain even at the expense of others. Here, the conscience collective has decreased in importance and now concentrates on the individual. The enlightenment bought about the significance of science. This new knowledge embraced reason and logic which were very important to Durkheim as he was a positivist. People now questioned what was happening instead of leaving it to fate or divine will like in traditional societies. Challenging ideas created differences in opinion which eventually lead to the secularisation of society and threatened values, all contributing to individualism. Industrialisation created a new way of work and lifestyle where labour became highly organised by the market and state and replaced the legitimisation of traditional authority. People began to become specialised in a particular form of labour which was then sold on or traded. Now, people were dependent on each other not reliant on society, The force of social bonds integrates individuals in their economic occupational functions, and the ties to society become indirect and operate through the division of labour (Morrison, P. 130). Durkheim felt there always had to be a higher power for society to function. Society cant be reduced to just individuals, it was bigger than that and needed a higher power. In mechanical, God took the place whereas in organic solidarity it was traded with the formulation of the individuals aim of reaching aspirations set by ourselves. The low conscience collective in organic solidarity concerned Durkheim in the way that without the clear boundaries and reinforcement that the traditional societies set, common ideas would be lost and societies would become unsystematic and disorganised and the level of behaviour expected would break down. Durkheim described this state in his book Suicide (1897) to be anomie. The anomic state was a type of suicide which reasoned that aloneness or estrangement occurred when a relationship between the individual and society is shattered. Durkheim felt that, Suicide is a result of societys strength or weakness of control over the individual (Shneidman p.24). They emerge from the collective but result in the individual belief. He saw this type of suicide as a social fact which ran through various societies not connected to each other. We see the reason for anomic suicide to be that society has in some way failed that individual. In some ways the individuals committing suicide havent been able to create social cohesion and solidarity with their surrounding community. The isolation from this malfunction is the reason for their act of suicide. To conclude, Durkheim felt that if we live our lives this way we will move away and deviate from a functioning society where working for the common good and living by shared norms was principal to the life that we should live. In some cases this may be true, with profit proving everything and exploitation of recourses and skills. Individuals are now placed and classified into society by their occupation and wealth. Durkheim hoped that in the future the importance of status from birth and inheritance would disappear. If everyone started from the same background and standing then societies would be equal and function best, Consensus is possible (Hawthorn p. 123). I feel that the disintegration of the conscience collective has affected the modern society we now live in. However, to say that the norms and values of traditional societies have disappeared is an exaggerated opinion of Durkheims. However, we do see that in todays society the impacts of industrialism and individualism has cre ated strong inequalities which Durkheim was afraid of happening and simply hopes that we can cooperate in such divisions of labour together.

The Power of Free Will in Milton?s Paradise Lost Essay -- Milton Parad

The Power of Free Will in Milton's Paradise Lost Eleanor Roosevelt once said, "Remember always that you not only have to be an individual, you have an obligation to be one." To be an individual means to act by choice and make decisions with free will enhanced by the power of knowledge. Only then are people true to themselves and to others. In Paradise Lost, Milton clearly conveys this concept of acting freely under God. He shows the reader that only with the freedom to choose do a person's actions become meaningful and sincere. This idea also helps Milton to explain the importance of "the fall" and God's ultimate plan. Throughout the book, free will is demonstrated not only by Adam and Eve, but also Satan and the other fallen angels, as well as God's Son. Each character's fate further explains why freedom is so important in expressing true feelings. In Paradise Lost, Milton portrays his belief that God's real desire is power. To achieve this power, God has given to man the freedom to choose. By giving mankind, more specifically Adam and Eve, this freedom, God will have undefeatable power because those following him will be true. As Eve later states, For we to him all praises owe, And daily thanks, I chiefly who enjoy So far the happier lot, enjoying thee Pre-eminent by so much odds, while thou Like consort to thyself canst nowhere find (Milton, 4.444-48) By following God of their own will, the praise Adam and Eve give to God is real. It is not a dreaded act done out of fear. To take away the freedom Adam and Eve are given would be taking away God's power. This helps to convey the understanding among mankind that part of God's ultimate plan of holding power is to allow people to act on their own free will. .. ...e, the decision to do so is much more meaningful. Thus, God has an even greater following, which again, fits into his ultimate plan. Without the freedom of choice, a person's actions are not sincere or meaningful. As a part of God's ultimate plan, he gives the angels in Heaven and Adam and Eve free will in their actions. By doing so, God heightens his own power because his following is strong and faithful. Satan's character, on the other hand, gains followers out of fear. As a result, he does not attain the same power that God does, which helps to support the thesis that true power can only be gained with free will. Milton also adds depth to this concept by connecting the power of knowledge to free will. Works Cited Empson, William. Milton's God. London: Chatto and Windus, 1961. Milton, John. Paradise Lost. Ed. Roy Flannagan. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

Applied Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay

1) Why do you think Starbucks has been so concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy? â€Å"I think that Starbucks has been concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy because in the long run it affects the bottom line. By being socially responsible, the business is also showing that they care about more than their profits. Caring about more than just profits allows for greater employee commitment, investor loyalty, as well as higher customer satisfaction. Research has also shown that social responsibility and good business ethics contributes to higher profits. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013)† 2) Is Starbucks unique in being able to provide a high level of benefits to its employees? â€Å"No, Starbucks is not unique in being able to provide a high level of benefits to its employees. Business ethics has become more important in the business world and it has been found that if a company is dedicated to taking care of its employees, the more dedicated the employees will be. If an employee sees that the company is acting and treats them in an ethical manner, the employee is more likely to act in an ethical manner. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013)† 3) Do you think that Starbucks has grown rapidly because of its ethical and socially responsible activities or because it provides products and an environment that customers want? â€Å"I think that Starbucks has grown rapidly because it has combined a product and environment that people want with great business ethics and social responsibility. This combination has allowed the company to expand exponentially during a good economy and maintain in a bad economy. By being socially responsible and treating their employee’s right, the company has less of a turnover rate and in the long run has been able to avoid large layoffs and shutting down a large amount of stores. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013)† 4) In what other ways does this case relate to the concepts that we have learned in the chapters so far? â€Å"This first chapter has shown that ethics is a big part of business. It can basically make or break a company. In the case of Starbucks, it has made them. They have based their business around social responsibility and ethics and have been able to maintain in an economy that has tanked because they treat their employees and customers right. According to our textbook, being ethical pays off with better employee performance, and higher employee honesty and integrity. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013)† Bibliography Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2013). The Importance of Business Ethics. In O. C. Ferrell, J. Fraedrich, & L. Ferrell, Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases (pp. 17-22). Mason: South-Westen.

Basic Facts about U.S. Territories

Basic Facts about U.S. Territories The United States is the worlds third largest country based on population and land area. It is divided into 50 states but also claims 14 territories around the world. The definition of a territory as it applies to those claimed by the United States are lands that are administered by the United States but are not officially claimed by any of the 50 states or any other world nation. Typically, most of these territories depend on the United States for defense, economic and social support. The following is an alphabetical list of the territories of the United States. For reference, their land area and population (where applicable) have also been included. American Samoa Total Area: 77 square miles (199 sq km) Population: 55,519 (2010 estimate) American Samoa is made up of five islands and two  coral atolls, and is  part of the Samoan Islands chain in the south Pacific Ocean. The  1899 Tripartite Convention divided the Samoan Islands into two parts, between the US. and Germany, after more than a century of battles among the French, English, German and Americans to claim the islands, during with the Samoans fought fiercely. The U.S. occupied its part of Samoa in 1900 and on  July 17, 1911, the US Naval Station Tutuila  was officially renamed American Samoa. Baker Island Total Area: 0.63 square miles (1.64 sq km) Population: Uninhabited Baker Island an atoll just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean about 1,920 miles southwest of Honolulu. It became an American territory in 1857. Americans tried to inhabit the island in the 1930s, but when Japan became active in the Pacific during World War II, they were evacuated. The island is named for Michael Baker, who visited the island several times before claiming it in 1855. It was classified as part of Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge in 1974. Guam Total Area: 212 square miles (549 sq km) Population: 175,877 (2008 estimate) Located in the western Pacific Ocean  in the Mariana Islands, Guam became a U.S. possession in 1898, following the Spanish-American War. Its believed that the indigenous people of Guam, the Chamorros, settled on the island roughly 4,000 years ago. The first European to discover Guam was Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. The Japanese occupied Guam in 1941, three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.  American forces liberated the island on July 21, 1944, which is still commemorated as Liberation Day. Howland Island Total Area: 0.69 square miles (1.8 sq km) Population: Uninhabited Located near Baker Island in the central Pacific, Howland Island comprises the  Howland Island National Wildlife Refuge and is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Its part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. The U.S. took possession in 1856. Howland Island was the destination aviator Amelia Earhart was headed for when her plane disappeared in 1937.   Jarvis Island Total Area: 1.74 square miles (4.5 sq km) Population: Uninhabited This uninhabited atoll is in the south Pacific Ocean halfway between Hawaii and the Cook Islands. It was annexed by the U.S. in 1858, and is administered by  the Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system.   Kingman Reef Total Area: 0.01 square miles (0.03 sq km) Population: Uninhabited Although it was discovered a few hundred years earlier, Kingman Reef was incorporated by the U.S. in 1922. Its incapable of sustaining plant life, and is considered a maritime hazard, but its location in the Pacific Ocean had strategic value during World War II. Its administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as the  Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. Midway Islands Total Area: 2.4 square miles (6.2 sq km) Population: There are no permanent inhabitants on the islands but caretakers periodically live on the islands. Midway is nearly at the halfway point between North America and Asia, hence its name. Its the only island in the Hawaiian archipelago which is not part of Hawaii. Its administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The U.S. formally took possession of Midway in 1856.   The Battle of Midway was one of the most important between the Japanese and the U.S. in World War II. In May 1942, the Japanese planned an invasion of Midway Island which would provide a base for attacking Hawaii. But the Americans intercepted and decrypted the Japanese radio transmissions.  On June 4, 1942, U.S. aircraft flying from USS Enterprise, USS Hornet, and USS Yorktown attacked and sunk four Japanese carriers, forcing the Japanese to withdraw. The Battle of Midway marked the turning point of World War II in the Pacific. Navassa Island Total Area: 2 square miles (5.2 sq km) Population: Uninhabited   Located in the Caribbean 35 miles west of Haiti, Navassa Island is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The U.S. claimed possession of Navassa in 1850, although Haiti has disputed this claim. A group of Christopher Columbus crewmen happened on the island in 1504 on their way from Jamaica to Hispanola, but discovered Navassa had no fresh water sources. Northern Mariana Islands Total Area: 184 square miles (477 sq km) Population: 52,344  (2015 estimate) Officially known as the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, this string of 14 islands is in the Micronesia collection of islands in the Pacific Ocean, between Palau, the Philippines and Japan.   The Northern Mariana Islands have a tropical climate, with December through May as the dry season, and July to October the monsoon season. The largest island in the territory, Saipan, is in the Guinness Book of Records for having the worlds most equable temperature, at 80 degrees year round. The Japanese had possession of the Northern Marianas until the U.S. invasion in 1944.   Palmyra Atoll Total Area: 1.56 square miles (4 sq km) Population: Uninhabited Palmyra is an incorporated territory of the U.S., subject to all provisions of the Constitution, but its also an unorganized territory, so theres no Act of Congress on how Palmyra should be governed. Located halfway between Guam and Hawaii, Palmyra has no permanent residents, and is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Puerto Rico Total Area: 3,151 square miles (8,959 sq km) Population: 3, 474,000  (2015 estimate) Puerto Rico is the easternmost island of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, about 1,000  miles southeast of Florida and just east of the Dominican Republic and west of the U.S. Virgin Islands. Puerto Rico is a commonwealth, a territory of the U.S. but not a state. Puerto Rico seceded from Spain in  1898, and Puerto Ricans have been citizens of the United States since a law was passed in 1917. Even though they are citizens, Puerto Ricans pay no federal income tax and they can not vote for president. U.S. Virgin Islands Total Area: 136 square miles (349 sq km) Population: 106,405  (2010 estimate) The islands that make up the U.S. Virgin Islands archipelago in the Caribbean  are St. Croix, St. John and St. Thomas, as well as other minor islands. The USVI became a U.S. territory in 1917, after the U.S. signed a treaty with Denmark. The territorys capital is Charlotte Amalie on St. Thomas. The USVI elect a delegate to Congress, and while the delegate can vote in committee, he or she cant participate in floor votes. It has its own state legislator and elects a territorial governor every four years. Wake Islands Total Area: 2.51 square miles (6.5 sq km) Population: 94  (2015 estimate) Wake Island is a coral atoll in the western Pacific Ocean 1,500 miles east of Guam, and 2,300 miles west of Hawaii. Its an unorganized, unincorporated territory is also claimed by the Marshall Islands. It was claimed by the U.S. in 1899, and is administered by the U.S. Air Force.

A Readers Responsibility

A Readers Responsibility Yall ever read Suite T, the blog for Southern Writers Magazine? Its pretty good, and this past week,  Terry Whalin  posted  4 Ways to Support Writers. I want to take this a step further and not state HOW a reader can help a writer, but WHY they have a responsibility to do so. When a reader picks up a book to read, they expect to invest hours into the entertainment. The author and publisher on the other end are waiting with fingers crossed to hear how the reader liked it. They need feedback to better understand how to proceed with subsequent works. Any type of industry needs feedback. Are they doing it right? Are they creating the right product? Publishers, agents, and bookstores hang on public feedback to determine whether an author is worth fooling with. Silence is deadly. So, if a reader likes a story, or an author, they need to speak up. Otherwise they risk losing a good story, or worse, a good author. Lets talk about a readers responsibility when they read a book: 1) Buy the  book. An occasional freebie is fine, especially when test-driving an author. However, authors, publishers, agents, cover designers, etc. depend on income to eat and put a roof over their head. Buy a book. 2) Write a review.  Do you want more stories like the one you just read? Then post a review. Otherwise, how is anyone supposed to know that this type of writing needs to continue? Call it a thank-you to the people who fought hard to put that book in your hands. They cannot read your mind. 3) Reply to blog posts.  Blogs are free, frequently used to sell books or an authors prowess. Dont read a post  and silently blow away. At least thank the writer or blog host. Yes, youre busy, but so are they. What if you did a job and nobody told you whether it was good or bad?  Again, the silence is a killer. 4) Take responsibility for your social media.  Dont just read. Dont just rant about politics or the neighbors noise next door. Dont just take and not give back. When you see a book promoted, and you like it or the author, then retweet or share. Its a button, people. 5) Use your word-of-mouth.  If you do not relay to others about a good book, and everyone else remains just as silent, that good book disappears along with the subsequent books after it from that author. Many an author has withered away due to lack of feedback, because feedback equates to sales, which equates to contracts and/or earning a living. Ive seen good writers think they were no goodall because readers remained quiet. Oh, and if youre a writer? Magnify that responsibility

The Indiscriminate Nature of Cancer Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Indiscriminate Nature of Cancer - Case Study Example The WHO and The Pfizer Medical officers held their research from different perspectives of age, one at a tender age, and the other at his sunset days. For instance, Mariam’s case explains why the failure of people to make use of the available knowledge about chronic disease prevention and control mechanism continues to endanger the future generations (Redman, 2007). Mariam case exemplifies the culture shock, most impounding on the poor majority of the global community. The Sridhar’s case is a cancer condition brought by his way of living. Having chewed tobacco and drank heavily since his youthful days, this lifestyle has deteriorated his respiratory and blood systems resulting in cancer. Since cancer continues to endanger people’s lives through such lifestyles, the main issue lies in having enough knowledge and awareness or resources, like Mariam’s problem, to prevent the spread of cancer (Ray, 2005). Studies done in India to examine the percentage of elde rly people at risk of having cancer or already battling with it indicates that 2.3 percent is battling with cancer while 4.5 percent risks being victims due to their lifestyle (Weisman, 2002). In Tanzania, the researcher also found that the younger generation born of able families, despite their lavish and uncontrolled feeding habits had a1.9 percent chances of having cancer. In addition, children from poverty-stricken families have uncontrolled eating habits yet cannot afford reasonable medical cover, hence 5 percent of them are more susceptible to cancer at tender ages of 14-25 years (Mukherjee, 2010). The WHO and The Pfizer Medical researchers separated the two cases in order to highlight their assessment. The most important issue that the group had in place was to disseminate the knowledge in understanding what cancer was. By making cancer more realistic to the youthful generation, not only in India but also in Tanzania, the group thought this would alter the resultant effects of cancer in old days because of unreasonable living (Ray, 2005).  Ã‚  

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions - Essay Example However this evolution came with a struggle that was marked by numerous constitutional crises. Perhaps the most important early constitutional crisis that dealt with this issue revolved around the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts. These laws, which dealt censorship in the press, immigration, treason, and related punishments, were established by national government and endorsed by a majority of the states as a means of securing the national safety and welfare during its time of early development, but they were believed by several key founding fathers – notably Thomas Jefferson and James Madison – to be unconstitutional. In response to the laws, Jefferson penned the Kentucky Resolution and Madison the Virginia Resolution – both documents that mapped out a protest against the national laws which eventually fed into those later constitutional fights. In this brief paper, the arguments Jefferson and Madison put forward will be compared and contrasted. Both Jefferson and Madison relied on a theory of a national compact in the establishment of the US Constitution which argued that the states were the true representatives of the people and that they had endorsed the national constitution, but only so far as it went in carrying out its limited powers enumerated in the Constitution. Madison (1798) wrote that the Virginia Assembly viewed the national government’s role â€Å"as resulting from the compact, to which the states are parties; as limited by the plain sense and intention of the instrument constituting the compact.† He argued that that the states had a â€Å"right† and in fact were â€Å"duty bound† to â€Å"interpose† when the national government overstepped its role and sought powers that the states believed were beyond the limits of its authority. Jefferson (1799) agreed, claiming that if the national government were the sole authority regarding the limits of its authority it would lead to the dissolution of the states and a

Accounting Information Systems - Information Needs for the AIS Research Paper

Accounting Information Systems - Information Needs for the AIS - Research Paper Example However, it is noteworthy that the benefits of the package generally outnumber the development cost. Accounting Information System delivers useful information to its user in a timely and systematic manner. The system is utilised by management for governing various organisational functions such as cash transactions, account receivables, account payable and so on and so forth. In every organisation, the accounts department is responsible for management of large volume of transactional data. The excess load of the accounts department is eased by the AIS. The AIS collect these data, arrange and store them accordingly and deliver them whenever necessary. The AIS is a computerised system comprising almost all automated functions; even so, the components of the system include involvement of human resource, instructions, procedures, data, information technology, security measures and internal controls. Considering all these factors, it can be ascertained that AIS is not completely automated and this is the reason that the software is prone to certain drawbacks. It has been observed that may corporate leaders and managers often make wrong assumptions regarding AIS resulting to ineffective performance of the system (Fuhong, 2012; Romney, et al., 2000). Argument: According to various authors, the excessive availability of information to a decision maker is considered as noise to the information environment. Consumers, presently, have significant access to vast data through internet and telecommunication channels which consequently enhances their options and confuse them. A number of authors advocated that managers can make influential decision only when they can consciously distinguish between necessary information and noise within a particular system. Noise generally incapacitates even the most resourceful decision maker, resulting to poor outcome (Lau, 2008). Argument: Research suggests that learning various aspects of the accounting information system can be time

Central Excise Duty Essay Example for Free

Central Excise Duty Essay M/s. Technocraft Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as â€Å"the said assessee†) Plot No. 518, Adinathnagar, GIDC, Odhav, Ahmedabad were engaged in the manufacture of Roll for Rolling Mills and parts falling under Chapter 84 of Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985. 2.During the course of search operations carried out by the officers of Central Excise (Prev.), Ahmedabad-II at their factory premises, it was revealed that the said assessee had illicitly cleared certain goods without entering them in their records and without including the same in their clearance value during the year 2004-05 and 2005-06 their factory. 3.A Show Cause Notice was issued by the Asstt. Commissioner, Central Excise, Division-III, Ahmedabad-II demanding duty of Rs. 3, 08,485/- along with consequential interest and penalty under Section 11AB 11AC of the Central Excise Act, 1944. 4.The above Show Cause Notice was adjudicated by the Assistant Commissioner, Central Excise, Division-III, Ahmedabad-II vide OIO No. MP/78/Offence/07-08 dated 31.03.2008 confirming the above demand, interest and penalty equal to the duty amount. A penalty of Rs. 10,000/- was imposed on Shri Prakashbhai M. Shah, Partner of M/s. Technocraft Enterprises. The assessee had already paid the duty amount willingly vide TR-6 Challan No. 12 dated 31.07.2006. 5.Being aggrieved by the impugned order, the said assessee had filed appeal along with stay application before the Commissioner (Appeals-I), C. Ex.,  Ahmedabad. The stay application was disposed off vide stay order No. 37(Ahd-II)/2008 dated 09.07.2008 wherein under Provision of 35F of the CEA, 1944, the said assessee was directed to pre-deposit 100% of the penalty imposed under the impugned OIO. The assessee complied with the direction of Stay order and pre-deposited penalty amount of Rs. 3,08,485/- vide TR 6 Challan dated 29.07.2008. The Commissioner (Appeals-I), Central Excise, Ahmedabad vide his OIA No. 154/2008(Ahd-II) CE/ID/Commr. (A)/Ahd dated 16.12.2008 upheld the Order in Original No. MP/78/Offence/07-08 dated 31.03.2008 and rejected the appeal filed by the said assessee. 6.Being aggrieved by the OIA, the said assessee filed an appeal before Hon’ble CESTAT, Ahmedabad. The appeal was disposed off by the Hon’ble CESTAT, Ahmedabad vide Order No. A/34-35/WZB/AHD/10 dated 30.12.2009 to the extent that the penalty imposed on the appellant and paid by them is required to be reduced to 25% of the duty. Accordingly the impugned order was modified and penalties reduced to 25% of duty demand. Hence, the assessee applied for the refund of amount of excess penalty pre-deposited by them vide TR 6 Challan dated 29.07.2008 which was sanctioned vide OIO No. MP/36/Refund/10-11 dtd. 01.04.2010. 7.Meanwhile being aggrieved with the CESTAT Order, Department filed an appeal before Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat on 22.03.2010, and hence the refund claims of Rs. 2,31,364/- erroneously granted to the assessee vide OIO No MP/36/Refund/10-11 dtd. 01.04.2010 by this office was required to be recovered under Section 11A of the Central Excise Act, 1944 along with applicable rate of interest. 8.Therefore, M/s. Technocraft Enterprises, were called upon to show cause to the Deputy Commissioner of Central Excise, Division-III, Ahmedabad-II as to why the refund claim of Rs. 2,31,364/- granted erroneously vide OIO No. MP/36/Refund/10-11 dated 01.04.2010 should not be recovered from them under Section 11A (1) of the Central Excise Act, 1944 along with applicable rate of interest. Defense Reply and personal hearing: 9.The assessee vide their written submission dtd. 16.02.2012 have drawn attention to the High Court Order dated 12.01.2011 and have stated that as the Departments’ tax appeal has been dismissed by the Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat, the show cause notice may be quashed. Personal Hearing: 10.Personal Hearing was held on 16.02.2012. On behalf of the assessee, Shri Jay Kataria, working as an accountant with the said firm appeared for the hearing and re-iterated the submission made in their written reply dated 16.02.2012. He had nothing more to add. FINDINGS 11.I have carefully gone through the records of the case and the defense reply submitted during the Personal Hearing of the case. I find that the controversy involved in the present case stands concluded against revenue by the decision of the Hon’ble High Court vide Order dated 12.01.2011 in the Tax Appeal No. 736/2010. In the circumstances, there is no need to go into details; I find that the show cause notice is not sustainable.

Why Band Directors Stick with it and Teach :: Band Directors Education Music Essays

Why Band Directors Stick with it and Teach It’s a question we all ask ourselves from time to time: "Why am I doing this? Is it really worth it?" For band directors, the question comes up a little more FREQUENTLY. The long rehearsals, hours of preparation and planning. Budget, buses and banged up tubas. Counseling and consoling. Lesson planning to tour planning." Why are you doing this?" Someone asked me once, "It’s only band". It’s only band? Studies show that those high school students least likely to be involved with drugs are band students. Six separate national independent studies showed students with four years of instrumental music scored 40-50% higher on their Math and English Sat scores that non –music students who had equal scores four years earlier. "Why" Music is the only subject that encompasses all seven learning intelligences. Music is one of only two subjects that "connects" the two independent sides of the brain –logical and creative. Similar studies showed that band students attend more regularly. They participate in their classrooms, look forward to and actually like school. They become more focused, more disciplined. An educated person is less likely to end up in jail, impaired by addictions, or homeless. Band teaches life skills. Where independent thinking is the model in most academic classrooms, teamwork is essential in band. Band students learn to work with and for each other. The three R’s in band include Respect, Responsibility, & Reliability. Our students learn to appreciate one another for their individual talents and their contributions to the organization as a whole. They learn positive social skills –the most important factor in our program –where we teach such qualities as confidence, pride, and self esteem; all values that will serve these young people well throughout the course of their life. Citizenship, team motivational skills/leadership skills, time management, organization skills, dependability, and honesty are instilled into band members. Band teaches students to face challenges and strive to reach higher and higher goals. Band is family. When your student walks onto campus, he or she is instantly adopted into the strongest society on campus. They will be spending their school days among the top achievers on campus, with fellow students who look out for one another and steer each other away from trouble instead of towards it. Teachers, staff, parents, and volunteers watch over all the kids as if they were their own.

What is Golf?

Of all the games ever invented by man, golf, in my opinion, is by far the greatest. Golf is different than other games. Golf challenges the mind, body, and soul. Golf is not a game that is meant to be played against other people or even against the course. It is a game that challenges the individual. It forces a person to make decisions that can lead to a feeling of great accomplishment or to a feeling of hopelessness and despair. To the average person golf may be just a game, but to millions of golfers worldwide, it is more than just a game, it is a way of life. It is something that is lived and breathed, it is royal and ancient, and it is the greatest game ever invented. Golf as we know it today originated from a game played on the eastern coast of Scotland in the Kingdom of Fife during the 15th century. Players would hit a pebble around a natural course of sand dunes, rabbit runs and tracks using a stick or primitive club. Golf is the greatest game ever played because of its history, difficulty, and views. Golf as we know it today originated from a game played on the eastern coast of Scotland. Golf is one of oldest sports that we play here in America. The history of golf impacts how we play it today greatly. Golf is a game of integrity, honesty, and tradition. It is the only sport where you have to give yourself a penalty, even if no one saw it. we do this because golf is a game of gentleman and we are upholding the integrity of the game. Today's golf courses consist of 18 holes or a front nine and a back nine. However, prior to 1764 this was not the case. The Old Course at St. Andrews is the oldest known, and most likely the first course ever constructed. It consisted of 12 holes, 11 of which were played. The course started at the center of St. Andrews and followed the lay of the land out to the town of River Eden. After reaching the 11th hole, the players would turn around and play 11 holes back using the same greens and holes. Thus, a full round consisted of 22 holes and only 11 greens. In 1764, the Royal and Ancient rules committee cut four holes out of the course whic h reduced the amount of holes on a course to today's common 18. As more courses were built, course architects began to construct 18 separate greens to add both character and safety to the courses. A common joke is that the reason we have 18 holes is because there is 18 shots of whiskey in a bottle. Golf’s history is one reason why this game is so great, because we still try to play the game the same way our ancestors did. You would think since golf is so difficult that less people would play it. Well the reason people do play golf is because they want the challenge. A beginning golfer can go to the range and hit 300 hundred terrible golf shots and hate the game. As soon as he hits that one perfect shot he gets hooked again, because there is nothing better than seeing that golf ball soar through the air. Golf is the only game that an average person can do the same thing that a tour pro can do. In what other game, in what other walk of life, can you perform something that in that moment is as good as it can be? The average person cannot go to a major league ballpark and hit a grand slam to win a game, but when the average person makes a hole in one, it is a shot that no one, not Phil Mickelson and not Jack Nicklaus in his prime, could have done better at that moment in that place. The chance of, and quest for, perfection is what keeps golfers coming back. What makes this game so difficult is because we do it once and believe that we should be able to do it every time. This is what separates the average person from a tour pro. I have hit shots that tiger woods would be satisfied with, the only difference is that he does it much more often than I do. Golf is the most difficult game in the world but that is what makes it so satisfying and fun. Golf has some of the most amazing views in the world. Some baseball stadiums have good views of city skyscrapers. The rare college football stadium will glimpse a beautiful campus. Our indoor arenas increasingly all look alike and now they are louder than an airport runway. If you fish, hike, surf or ski, maybe you have an argument on this subject, but compared with all the mainstream sports, golf has no equal in terms of the setting. There are hundreds of golf courses that jut into the ocean, hundreds more that wind through forests, hundreds more with majestic mountain views and hundreds more that flow through parkland valleys. Stand on the 18th tee at Pebble Beach, a few feet from the Pacific Ocean with the spray from the waves landing softly on your shoulders, and you will never again wax poetic about the Citgo sign behind the Green Monster at Fenway Park. Ask any golf architect that a golf course isn’t just a golf course it’s a canvas where some of the greatest pictures have ever been painted. Golf isn’t just another game to a golfer, it is a way of life. There is no other sport that can frustrate you so much one shot but then you can be the happiest person in the world the next. There are many things that make golf great, but its history, difficulty, and the views you see are what make the game the greatest ever. No other sport compares and it’s a shame that many people wont give this great game a try because they think it’s an old man sport. They are missing out on one of the greatest experiences of their life.